模化设计对离心压气机气动噪声的影响

采用数值计算方法研究了模化设计对压气机气动噪声的影响，三维流场计算结果表明模化设计压气机与原始机型满足相似准则，整级性能参数误差在2%以内；流场结构的分析进一步证实了模化机型与原始机型流场相似。基于非定常雷诺平均方法和声学边界元方法的混合气动声学方法对模化前后的压气机气动噪声进行了数值预测，结果表明:压气机气动噪声主要由离散单音噪声和宽频噪声组成，且离散单音噪声占主导。模化机型总声压级随着模化比减小逐渐减小，相比于原始机型，模化机型离散单音噪声峰值仅略有降低，而宽频噪声大幅提高。压气机气动噪声在进气管口有明显指向性，模化机型声压幅值和指向性较原始机型降低，且变化趋势与模化比成正比。      

结冰云雾参数对冰与固壁间剪切强度影响的初步研究

基于结冰风洞实验段,建立了冰与固壁间黏附界面剪切强度测量实验装置,获得了合理的剪切强度范围。在0.3 m×0.2 m结冰风洞实验段内开展了冰与固壁间黏附界面剪切强度的测量实验。掌握了结冰环境温度、平均水滴直径等结冰云雾参数对冰与固壁间黏附剪切强度的影响规律。研究表明:结冰环境温度为-15~-10 ℃间出现了剪切强度极大值。来流速度越大,水滴的惯性力越大,水滴间的间隙越容易被填充,冰与固壁间剪切强度也就越大。平均水滴直径(MVD)为35 μm附近出现了剪切强度极小值,水滴直径越小,水滴之间的间隙就越小,结冰就越致密。水滴直径越大,水滴越容易发生平铺,水滴之间的间隙就容易被填充,反而造成剪切强度增大。      

Online condition diagnosis for a two-stage gearbox machinery of an aerospace utilization system using an ensemble multi-fault features indexing approach

China manned space station is designed to operate for over ten years. Long-term and sustainable research on space science and technology will be conducted during its operation. The application payloads must meet the ‘‘long life and high reliability" mission requirement. Gearbox machinery is one of the essential devices in an aerospace utilization system, failure of which may lead to downtime loss even during some disastrous catastrophes. A fault diagnosis of gearbox has attracted attentions for its significance in preventing catastrophic accidents and guaranteeing sufficient maintenance. A novel fault diagnosis method based on the Ensemble Multi-Fault Features Indexing(EMFFI) approach is proposed for the condition monitoring of gearboxes. Different from traditional methods of signal analysis in the one-dimensional space, this study employs a supervised learning method to determine the faults of a gearbox in a two-dimensional space using the classification model established by training the features extracted automatically from diagnostic vibration signals captured. The proposed method mainly includes the following steps. First, the vibration signals are transformed into a bi-spectrum contour map utilizing bi-spectrum technology,which provides a basis for the following image-based feature extraction. Then, Speeded-Up Robustness Feature(SURF) is applied to automatically extract the image feature points of the bi-spectrum contour map using a multi-fault features indexing theory, and the feature dimension is reduced by Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA). Finally, Random Forest(RF) is introduced to identify the fault types of the gearbox. The test results verify that the proposed method based on the multi-fault features indexing approach achieves the target of high diagnostic accuracy and can serve as a highly effective technique to discover faults in a gearbox machinery such as a two-stage one.     

基于CFD-DEM算法的固体火箭发动机气-固两相流模拟

针对固体火箭发动机中含金属推进体系中颗粒冲刷烧蚀及推力两相流损失的难题,基于连续相-离散元(CFD-DEM)耦合模型,考虑颗粒间的碰撞力与非碰撞力以及颗粒-气流作用力等,对固体发动机中气-固两相流进行了数值模拟研究。研究结果表明,相比于传统的双流体模型及轨道法,CFD-DEM能提供更丰富的粒子尺度信息包括粒子的运动轨迹、颗粒间的碰撞、颗粒受力情况等等;以及粒子相与气相相互作用过程,粒子相与壁面相互作用等。粒子的碰撞在喷管收敛段壁面、喉部区域以及喷管扩张段中心区域发生,与壁面的碰撞在收敛段壁面位置,且颗粒在该区域角速度较大,气相-颗粒曳力最大值出现在气相加速区域。单个粒子尺度的流场数据为固体发动机气固两相流流场的认识提供了更加丰富的信息,并为粒子聚集聚合及对烧蚀层冲刷等提供研究基础。     

力/热环境下复合材料薄壁结构的分离动力学分析

基于显式动力学分析模拟了力/热环境下复合材料薄壁结构的分离过程，基于计及不确定性的Chang Chang失效准则评估了复合材料结构的可靠性，进而探究了气动力载荷和温度载荷对结构分离动力学以及复合材料结构强度可靠性的影响规律。结果表明：气动力载荷及温度的升高均会加速结构的分离过程；高温会显著影响结构脱离时刻的转动角度，进而改变了结构的脱离姿态；系统可靠性随温度载荷的升高而降低。     

Comparative analysis of four different single-frequency PPP models on positioning performance and atmosphere delay retrieval

Single-frequency precise point positioning (SF-PPP) has attracted increasing attention due to its high precision and cost effectiveness. With various strategies to handle the dominant error, i.e., ionosphere delay, the ionosphere-float (IF), ionosphere-free-half (IFH), ionosphere-corrected (IC), and ionosphere-weighted (IW) SF-PPP models are certain to possess different characteristics and performance levels. This study is dedicated to assessing and comparing the four models from model characteristics, positioning performance, and atmosphere delay retrieval. The model comparison shows that IC and IW models are full-rank while IF and IFH models have a rank deficiency of size one that will result in biased estimations, which means the better solvability of IC and IW models. The experiments are carried out based on the 7-day Global Positioning System (GPS) observations collected at 57 global Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) stations and Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) products. The results indicate that the IW model can accelerate SF-PPP convergence and achieve higher positioning accuracy compared to the other three SF-PPP models, especially in kinematic mode. With convergence criteria of 0.25 m in horizontal and 0.5 m in vertical, the east/north/up convergence times of IW model are 0.5/15.0/25.0 min and 0.5/16.0/36.5 min for static and kinematic modes, respectively. The IW model is able to achieve an instantaneous positioning accuracy of 0.28/0.35/0.75 m. In addition, a real kinematic test also demonstrates the best positioning solutions of IW model. Regarding troposphere delay retrieval, the IF, IFH, and IW models obtain a comparable daily accuracy of 3.0 cm on average, while the IC model achieves the worst accuracy of 8.0 cm. For precise ionosphere delay estimation, IW model only needs an average initialization time of 34.3 min, but a longer initialization time of 51.6 min is required for IF model. The daily precision of ionosphere delay estimation for IW model can reach up to 10.8 cm. At the present accuracy of GIM products, it is suggested that the IW model should be adopted for SF-PPP first due to its superior performance in positioning and atmosphere delay retrieval.     

脉冲频率对7050高强铝合金微弧氧化膜层的影响

在脉冲频率为50、250、500、750、1 000 Hz的条件下，应用微弧氧化（MAO）技术在7050高强铝合金表面制备了陶瓷膜层，并采用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、电化学工作站、摩擦磨损试验机等手段分别对陶瓷膜的表面形貌、相组成、耐腐蚀性、耐磨性等进行分析。结果表明，当脉冲频率过低时，MAO陶瓷膜层表面粗糙，影响膜层致密性；而当脉冲频率过高时，则不利于MAO陶瓷膜层生长，所得的膜层耐蚀性和耐磨性较差。当脉冲频率为250 Hz时，所制备的膜层具有最佳的耐磨性及耐蚀性。     

盘式对转永磁风力发电机设计与分析

针对现有风力发电系统普遍存在的工作风速范围较窄、风能利用率较低等问题,设计了一种盘式双转子对转永磁风力发电机,双转子对转运行。在介绍该电机的结构与运行原理的基础上,推导了电机功率尺寸方程,给出了该电机的初步设计方法。利用有限元软件对电机进行了三维建模和动态仿真分析,得到其磁路特点和电磁性能,验证了所提设计方法的有效性。     

非工作状态下电液伺服机构运动分析

针对电液伺服机构安装到运载火箭后存在非工作状态下承受外力并产生被动运动的现状，分析伺服机构的受力情况并构建内部液体流动回路，研究非工作状态下伺服机构在外力作用时的运动特性。发现伺服阀零位特性以及伺服机构高压回路密封性能是影响伺服机构非工作状态下运动特性的主要因素。在外力作用下发生运动时油缸某一侧往往处于抽真空状态。使用零位特性良好的伺服阀以及高压回路泄漏小的伺服机构，在外力作用下将处于双向不动或单向可动的状况。利用典型产品开展了物理试验，验证了结论的有效性。